What does "special populations" refer to in hazardous materials contexts?

In the context of hazardous materials, "special populations" refers primarily to individuals who may be more vulnerable to the effects of exposure to hazardous substances. This includes children, who are often more susceptible due to their developing bodies and higher metabolic rates, as well as the elderly, who may have diminished immune responses or pre-existing health conditions that can exacerbate the effects of exposure. Recognizing these groups as "special populations" emphasizes the need for targeted safety measures and responses to protect their health in hazardous situations.

While individuals with disabilities, low-income households, and essential workers may also be at risk or require special considerations in hazardous materials contexts, the focus on children and the elderly specifically highlights the biological and physiological factors that place these particular groups at greater risk during incidents involving hazardous materials.